Process for breaking petroleum emulsions



Amen

Example 1 1 pound mole of 2-propyl-5-hydroxy-methyl-5- amino-1,3-dioxane is reacted with lpound mole of ricinoleic acid, or a suitable equivalent, such as 1 pound mole of ethyl ricinoleate, or one-third pound mole of triricinolein, so as to produce the corresponding amida- The reaction between the amine and the acid is conducted in the conventional manner. The two reactants are mixed together at a temperature above the melting point, which additionally expedites the removal of water of reaction. The elimination of water is hastened by constant stirring during the period of reaction. Reaction takes place at comparatively low temperatures, for instance, 130 -145 C., and is expedited at high temperatures, for instance, ISO-180 C. In the absence of pyrolysis, and especially when a glyceride is heated in the absence of a solvent, one can use a temperature as high as 220 C. to 240 C., and speed up the reaction and increase the yield of amide. In any event,

the temperature employed for amidification must be below the pyrolytic point of the reactants. The passage of a dried inert gas through the reaction mass, during amidification, hastens the reaction, and also tends to decrease any unreacted material. can be determined in any convenient manner,

.- such as a titration test to determine elimination,

or substantial reduction, in the amount of basic amine present.

used, and even under conditions which cause the reaction to take place more slowly, reaction need never exceed -20' hours. The use of some other equivalent, rather than fatty acid, involves conventional changes in the amidification procedure. For instance, the'lise of an ethyl ester results in the evolution or elimination of ethyl alcohol instead of water. be employed as an acylating agent with the evolution of ammonia. All such procedures'are comparable with that employed for the acylation of somewhat similar amines having homocyclic radicals, for instance, cyclohexylamine, benzylamine, aniline, etc. Sometimes amidificationis conveniently conducted in the presence of an inert solvent, for. instance, xylene, which is permitted to distil ofi during the reaction, and assists in the elimination of water. Xylene and water vapors are condensed, separated, and the xylene returned to the reaction chamber for re-use. Such inert solvent must he immiscible with the vapors being removed, for instance, water, and must be miscible with both reactants. Furthermore, it must be readily volatilized at a temperature below the pyrolytic point of the reactants. Such use is conventional in connection with esteriflcation hereinafter referred to Any procedure employed must guard against loss of amine during amidification, or else an excess oi the amine must be employed and subsequently must be recovered. If a glyceride is used, and in many ways this is the most desirable procedure, one must remove the glycerol formed by a salt water wash or the like. The use of the glycerlde keeps ester formation, by reaction with the hydroxymethyl group at a minimum. Armin Example 2 1 pound mole of 2-propyl-5-metnyl-5-amino-' 1,;3-dioxane is substituted for 1 pound mole oi 2- The completion of the reaction- Reaction is generally complete within three hours, if higher temperatures are Similarly, ricinoleoamide may propyl-d-hydroxy-methyl-d-amino-i,3-=dioxane in the preceding pie 1.

Amna

Example 3 The same procedure is followed as in preceding examples, except that the raw material employed is 2-(3-heptyl) -5-methyl-5-amino -1,3-dioxane.

Example 4 The same procedure is followed as in preceding examples, except that the raw material employed is 2-pheny1-5-methyl-5-amino-1,3-dioxane.

Arms

Example 5 The same procedure is followed as in preceding examples, except that the raw material employed is 5-ethyl-5-amino-1,3-dioxane.

Example 6 The same procedure is followed as in preceding The same procedure is followed as in preceding examples, except that the raw material employed is 5-amino-2-hexyl-5ehydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane.

Amp

Example 8 4c The same procedure is followed as in preceding examples, except that the raw material employed is 5-amino-2-(3-heptyl) -5-hydroxymethy1-1,3-dioxane.

for ricinoleic acid in Examples 1 to 8, preceding.

Example 10 Laurie acid, laurin or lauryl chloride is substituted for ricinoleic acid in Examples 1 to B, Preceding.

\ Oxreutrrsrnn 5-Ana1no L3-Drox/mas Example 1 1 pound mole of 2-propyl-5-hydrcxy-methyl- 5-amino-1,3- dioxane is-oxyalkylated with 4 pound moles of ethylene oxide. The oxyethyiation is conducted in a closed vessel in a step-wise manher. 1 pound mole of ethylene oxide is added to 1 pound mole of the aminodioxane. One'half of 1% of sodium methylate is added as a cata- -lyst. The reaction takes place readily, particularly at temperatures moderately above the boiling point of water. For instance, C. 1 If the reaction does not take place readily at this temperature, one may employ a somewhat higher temperature, for instance, between -150 C. In any event, it is best to conduct the reaction in such'a manner that there is no pressure, due

to unreacted ethylene oxide, or other oxyalkylatingagent of more than 200 pounds. This may be accomplished by using less ethylene oxide, e. g., one-half pound mole for the first portion instead of one mole. 1 mole of ethylene oxide should be absorbed readily within 2-8 hours, when reaction is complete, as indicated by a drop in gauge pressure, due to the absorption of the ethylene oxide; a second portion of the reactant, for instance, another mole of ethylene oxide, is added and reacted in the same manner. The

same procedure is employed so as to introduce the third mole of ethylene oxide. Three moles of ethylene oxide per mole of aminodioxane should be introduced without dimculty in not over 24 hours, and in many instances can be introduced in one-third such time. Speed of reaction is dependent, in part, on effectiveness of stirring or agitation, insofar that the reaction may take place largely at interfacial surfaces.

OXYALKYLATED -Ammo-L3-Droxana Example 2 The seven other aminodioxanes specifically mentioned as reactants in Amide. Examples 2-8, inclusive, are substituted for 2-propyl-5- hydroxy-methyl-5-amino-1,3-dioxane in "Oxyalkylated 5-amino-1,3-dioxane, Example 1, preceding.

OxYALKYLArso 5-Ammo-l,3-Droxsns Example 53 The same procedure is followed as in Examples 1 and 2, immediately'preceding, except that8 moles of ethylene oxide are introduced per mole of aminodioxane instead of 4 moles.

OXYALKYLATED 5-AMINO-1,3-DIOXANE Example 4 The same procedure is followed as in Examples 1 and 2, immediately preceding, except that -12 moles of ethylene oxide are introduced per mole of aminodioxane instead of 4 moles.

OXYALKYLATED 5-Ammo-L3-Droxgms Example 5 The same procedure is employed as in Examples 1 to 4, immediately preceding, except that propylene oxide is substituted for ethylene oxide. Propylene oxide is less reactive than ethylene oxide.

and it may be necessary to use a somewhat higher amides, esters, and esteramides. These sub-divisions are preserved in the subsequent subjectmatter for convenience.

OxYALKYLA'rsn Am Emmple 1 1 pound mole of the amide derived from the selected aminodioxane, as described in Amide.

Example 1, preceding, is treated with an oxyalkylating agent in the same manner as employed for the oxyalkylation of, amides derived from various primary amines, such as the amides of cyclohexylamine, benzylamine, aniline, and various alkylamines having 6-10 carbon atoms, such as octylamine. The oxyalkylation of high molal amides is well known and requires no elaboration.

In general, the procedure which I prefer to employ is substantially that described in theoxyallcvlation of the unamidifled aminodioxanes in the preceding examples, except that the temperature of oxyalkylation in the initial stages must be sufllcient to insure that the amide is a'liquid, and

particularly so, whenderived from high molal saturated acids, such as stearic acid. From 6 to 12 moles of the alkylene oxide are used per mole of amide, as a minimum, and as many as moles as a maximum. If a hydroxylated amide, derived from a hydroxylated amine is used, or when in other instances, one may use 12 to 18 moles of the alkylene oxide permole of amine. Even higher ratio may be employed, if desired.

The introduction of the oxyalkylene radical almost invariably yields amore fluid product, i. e..

a product having a lower melting point. Thus,

the temperature of reaction employed in oxyalkylation can be reduced after the initial reaction has taken place, i. e., after partial oxyalkylation.

7 There is no objection to. employing an inert solvent during the early stages of oxyalkylation,

although such solvent may, in a few instances,

. cease to be a solvent after partial oxyalkylation takes place, and thus, would have to be removed asa matter of convenience, during the later stages of oxyalkylation. Such solvent, however, would serve its purpose, because when removed, the partially oxyalkylated mass should be substantially fluid. This is readily understandable by reference to an analogy where a solid, such as lecithin is dissolved in xylene and subjected to oxyethylation. As oxyethylation proceeds, the product usually becomes xylene-insoluble. Un-

der such circumstances, it is generally better to remove the xylene before proceeding with the further oxyethylatipn of the fluid derivative.

Many, in fact, the majority of reactants described, can be sufllciently oxyethylated without xylene removaL/ Oxyalkylation of the aminodioxane can be conducted, as a rule, without a catalyst, if

desired. It is preferable, however, to have a cata- I lyst present in the oxyalkylation of an amide.

One-half of one percent of sodium methylate, 'or

iii":

other alkali, will serve. The oxyalkylation of an amide may take considerably longer, and may take definitely high temperatures of reaction. As far as practical, it is better to employ the same temperature and pressures as described in connection with the oxyalkylation of the aminodioxanes, as previously described, except that the time ofq eaction may be doubled or tripled. If, however, the reaction does not go rapidly enough,

' under such circumstances, then increased temperat'ures short of a pyrolytic point may be used, but the preference, particularly when employing ethylene oxide, should be to'not exceed 250-309 pounds gauge pressure. -It is again pointed out that this entire procedure is the one that is used in the conventional oxyalkylation of amides, and may be varied to conform to such procedure.

OxYALxyLA'rap Amps:

V Example 2 The same procedure is employed as in the oxyalkylation of aminodioxane, except that as much as 18 to 24 moles of the alkylene oxide may be introduced per mole of amide.

Patented May-8,1945

' @JNHTED STATES 21,375,536 PATENT OFFICE PROCESS FOR BREAKING PETROLEUM EMULSIONS Melvin De Groote, University City, Mo, assignor to Petrollte @orporation, Ltd Wilmingto ml, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application Decembr 10, 1948,

serial No. 513,781

e Qiaims. 7 (cl. 252-341) w I which are one class of the reactants employed This invention relates primarily tothe 'resolu- I tion of petroleum emulsions.

One object of my invention is to provide a novel process for resolving petroleum emulsions of the water-in-oil type, that are commonly referred to as cut oil, "roily oil," "emulsified oil, etc, and which comprise fine droplets of naturally-occurring waters or brines dispersed in a more or less permanent state throughout the continuous phase of 19 oil which constitutes the the emulsion.

Another object of my invention is to provide an economical and rapid process for separating emulsions which have been prepared under controlled conditions from'minerai oil, such as crude '15 become either phase of the emulsion, in absence i of such precautionary measure.

The compounds herein contemplated as demulsiflers, consist of hereinafter described acylated and oxyalkylated derivatives of 5-amino- 1,3-dioxanes having the structural formula:

where R is a member of the class consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and alpha-hydroxyalkyl, R is a member of the class consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, arl, and furyl. Chemical products or compounds of the kind above referred to are obtained by acylation and oxyalkylation. The acyl group can be introduced as part of an amido radical, or as part of an ester radical, and is obtained from amonocarboxy acid or equivalent having an acyl radical containing an unbroken chain of at least 8 carbon' atoms. In other words,v such acyl radical may appear as an amido radical, or as an acyioxy radical. For example, an aminodioxane of the type previously described may be reacted with a higher fatty w acid so as to form anamide. The amide so obtained may be subjected to 'oxyalkylatioxi, particuiarly oxyethylation. Similarly, the amide may be subjected to oxyalkylation first, and then to acylation afterwards. Obviously, one can 55 also prepare a type of compound having more than one high molal acyl radical present, and for that matter, one of such acyl radicals may be present in the ester form and the other in the amido form.

As to the manufacture of aminodioxanes in the manufacture of the herein contemplated demulsifiers, reference is made to U. S. Patent No. 2,247,256, dated June 24, 1941, to Senkus, and to U. 8. Patent No. 2,317,555, dated April 27, 1943, to Robinette. It is a matter of common knowledge that aminodioxanes are made by condensing a nitroglycol with an aldehyde and reducing the condensation product. The synthesis of such compounds is demonstrated by the following reactions:

1 on, cm

Hi I H: CHgOH+-CH30H H0110 --o 011,- -CH: H 0

' N0: Formal- N0,

dehyde 2-nitro-2-ethyl-l,3- -CH:

propanediol 5-nitro-5-ethyl-L3- crane CHzCHa CH:- --CH: 31!, -v i NH: 2Hi

5 aminab-ethyl-lfi-dloxane It is well known that certain monocarboxy organic acids containing an unbroken chain of eight carbon atoms or more, and not more than 32 carbon atoms, are characterized by the fact that they combine with alkalies to produce soap or soap-like materials. These detergent-formingacids include fatty acids, resin acids, petroleum acids, etc. For the sake of convenience, these acids will be indicated by the formula RCOOH. .Certain derivatives ,of detergentforming acids react with alkali to produce soap or soap-lik materials, and are the obvious equivalent of the unchanged or unmodified detergent-forming acids; for instance, instead of fatty acids, one might employ the chlorinated fatty acids. Instead of the resin acids, one might employ th hydrogenated resin acids. In-

stead of naphthenic acids, one might employ brominated na'phthenic acids, etc.

The fatty acids are of the type commonly referred to as higher fatty acids; and of course, this is also true in regard to derivatives of the kind indicated, insofar that such derivatives are obtained from higher fatty acids. The petroleum acids include not only naturally-occurring naphthenic acids, but also acids obtained by the oxidation of wax, paramn, etc. Such acids may have as many as 32 carbon atoms. For instance, see U. 8. Patent No. 2,242,837, dated May 20, 1941,

v to Shields. v

In addition to synthetic carboxy acids obtained ,by the oxidation of parafilns or the like,,there is the somewhat analogous class obtained by 0 treating carbon dioxide'or carbon monoxide in the. presence of hydrogen or an olefine with steam, or by causing a metallic alkoxide'or a halogenated hydrocarbon to react with chloroacetic acid, or with potassium cyanide, and saponifying the product obtained. Such products r mixtures thereof, having at least 8 and not more than 32 carbon atoms and having at least one carboxy group or the equivalent thereof, are as suitable for use as the conventional detergentforming monocarboxy acids. and another anal= ogous class equally suitable, is the mixture of carboxylic acids obtained, by :the alkali treatment of alcohols of high molecular weight formed in the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.

[although any of the men moial monocarboxy acids can be converted into esters, amides or ester-amides of the kind described, by conventional procedure, it is my preference to employ compounds derived from higher fatty acids, rather than petroleum acids, rosin acids, and the like. I have found that by far the most efiective deinulsifying agents are obtained from un saturated fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms. Such unsaturated fatty acids include the higher fatty acids, such as oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, etc.

obtained by hydrolysis of cottonseed oil, soyabean oil, corn oil, etc. 'The material, product or compound that I prefer to use as the demulsifler in practising my herein described process for resolving petroleum emulsions, is obtained from unsaturated fatty acids, and more specifically,

unsaturated fatty acids, containing a hydroxyl radical or unsaturated fatty acids which have been subjected to oxidation.

Previousattention has been directed to the fact that one class of reactants included the amino- NH, CH(RI)O 03H? wherein R may represent hydrogen, aikyl, or alpha-hydroxyalkyl, and R may be either hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or furyl. f

As to aminodioxanes containing a hydroxyalkyl group and particularly a hydroxymethyl group, reference is made to the substituted 1,3-

dioxanes, which maybe represented by the following formula:

aemsee wherein R represents an alkyl group, and particularly one having at least five carbon atoms.

As specific examples of the substituted 1,3-dioxanes which are included by the above generic formula, there may be mentioned Ev-amino-2-(3-- pentyl)-5-hydr0xymethyl-1,3-dioxane, 5-amin0- 2-hexyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane, E-amino- 2-(3-heptyl) -5-hydroxymethyl 1,3 dioxane, 5- amino-2-hendecyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane, 5 amino-'Z- octyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane, and the like.

As specific examples of the preferred reagents, the following are included:

5 amino-2- (B-amyl) -5-=hydroxymethyl- 1,3 dioxane 5-amino-"2-hexyl-5-hydroxymethyl- 1,3-dioxane 5-amino-2- (3 heptyl) 5-hydroxymethyl-l,3-dioxane 2 propyl-5-hydroxymethyl 5 amino-1,3-dioxane 2-propyl-5-methyl-5-amino-1,3-dioxane 2- 3-heptyl) -5-methyl-5-amino- 1,3-dioxane One may employ mixed fatty acids, as, for example, the fatty acids 2-phenyl-5-methyl-5-amino- 1,3-dioxane 5-ethyl-5-amino- 1,3-dioxane The oxyalkylation of compounds having a labile hydrogen atom is a well known procedure.

- For instance, the procedure of subjecting amines,

amides, phenols, or alcohols to the action of an oxyalkylating agent, so as to introduce a repetitious ether linkage between the oxygen atom or nitrogen atom and the labile hydrogen atom is well known. In view of what is said hereinafter,

it is obvious that the oxyalkylation of the 5- amino-1,3-dioxanes, or the amide derived therefrom, i simply a sub-generic aspect of the well known methods which contemplate oxyalkylatlon of amines, amides and alcohols, regardless of source or chemical structure.

Oxyalkylating agents are those containing a reactive ethylene oxide ring. As typical examples of applicable compounds may be mentioned epichlorhydrin, glycid alcohol, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene-z-oxide, butene-l-oxide, isobutylene oxide, butadiene oxide, butadiene dioxide, chloroprene oxide, isoprene oxide, decene oxide, styrene oxide, cyclohexylene oxide, cyclopentene oxide, etc. I particularly prefer to employ oxylating agents having 2 and not more than 4 carbon atomsg such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, glycid and methylglycid. My particularly preferred oxyalkylating agent is ethylene oxide.

Other halogenated epoxides which are the functional equivalents of epichlorhydrin are described in U. S. Patent No. 2,321,037, dated June 8, 1943, to Marple and Evans.

For the sake of brevity, subsequent examples are concerned largely with derivatives in which the highmolal acyl radical is derived from higher fatty acids. Attention is, directedto the prior description of other equally suitable high molal acids.

Amps

Examplel third pound mole of triricinolein, so as to produce the corresponding amide. The reaction between the amine and the acid is conducted in the conventional manner.

The two reactants are mixed together at a temperature above the boilstead of water.

aarassle lng mint of water, which expedites the removal of Water or reaction. The elimination of water is hastened by constant stirring during the period of reaction. Reaction takes place at comparatively low temperatures, for instance, ISO-145 6., and is expedited at high temperatures, for instance, ISO-180 C. In absence of pyrolysis, and especially when a glyceride is heated in absence of a solvent, one can use a temaperatureas high as 220 C. to 240 C.-, and speed up the reaction and increase the yield of amide.

- In any event, the temperature employed for amidiflcation must be below the pyrolytic point of the reactants. The passage of a dried inert gas through the reaction mass during amidification, hastens the reaction, and also tends to decrease any unreacted material. The completion of the reaction can be determined in any convenient manner, such as a titration test to determine elimination, or substantial reduction, in the amount of basic amine present.

Reaction is generally complete within three hours, if higher temperatures are used, and even under conditions which cause the reaction to take place more slowly, reaction time need never exceed 1020 hours. The use of some other equiva lent rather than a fatty acid involves'conventional changes in the amidiflcation procedure.

For instance, the use of an ethyl ester results in the evolution or elimination of ethyl alcohol in- Similarly, ricinoleoamide may be employed as an acylating agent with the evolution of ammonia. All such procedures are comparable with that employed for the acylation of somewhat similar cyclic amines having homocyclic radicals, for instance, cyclohexylamine, benzylamine, aniline, etc. Sometimes amidiflca- 'tion'is conveniently conducted in the presence of an inertsolvent, for instance, xylene, which is permitted to distil on during the reaction and assists in the elimination of water. Xylene and water vapors arecondensedgseparated, and the xylene returned to the reaction chamber for reuse. Such inert solvent must be immiscible with the vapors being removed, for instance, water, and must be miscible with both reactants. Furthermore, it must be readily volatilized at a temperature below the pyrolyticpoint of the reactants. Such use is conventional in connection with esteriflcation hereinafter referred to. Any procedure employed must guard against loss of amine during amidification, or else an excess of the amine must be employed and subsequently must be recovered. If a glycerid is used, and in many ways this is the most desirable procedure, one must remove. the glycerol formed by a salt water wash or the like.

Amos Example 2 ,5-amino-1,3-dioxane I examples, except that the raw material employed is 2-phenyl-5-metlryl-5-aminol,3=dioxane.

' Ame Example 5 The same procedure is followed as in preceding examples, except that the raw material employed is 5-ethyl-5-amirio-L3-dloxane.

' Amnn Example 6 The same procedure is followed as in preceding examples, except that the raw material employed is 5-amino-2 -(3-amyl) 5 hydroxymethyl-L3- dioxane.

' Amos Example 7 The same procedure is followed as in preceding examples, except that the raw material employed is 5 amino-2-hexyl-5-hydroxymethyl 1,3 dioxane.

' Arman a Example 8 J The same procedureis followed as in preceding examples, except that the raw material employed is 5-amino 2 -(3-hep tyl) 5 hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane.

Amps

Example 9 Oleic acid, olein or oleyl chloride is substituted for ricinoleic acidin Examples 1 to 8, preceding.

Ammr:

Example 10 preceding.

OxxALKYLArnn B-Amno-lfl-Droxmwn Example 1- 1 pound mole of 2-propyl-5-hydroxy-methylis oxyalkylated with 4 pound moles of ethylene oxide. The oxyethylation is conducted in a closed vessel in a stepwise manner. 1 pound mole of ethylene oxide is added to 1 pound mole of the aminodioxane. One-half of 1%. of sodium methylate'ds added as a catalyst. The reaction takes place readily, particularly at temperatures moderately above the boiling point of water. For instance, C.

If the reaction does not take place readily at The same procedure is followed as in precedlngexamples, except that the raw material employed is 2-(3-heptyl)-5-methyl-5-amino-1,3 dioxane.

Amos I Example 4 The same procedure is followed as in preceding this temperature, one may employ a somewhat higher temperature, for instance, between C. In any event, it is best toconduct the reaction in'sucha manner that there is no pressure, due to unreacted ethylene oxide, or other oxyalkylating agent of more, than 200 pounds. This may be accomplished by using less ethylene oxide, e. g, one-half pound mole for the first portion instead or one mole. 1 mole of ethylene oxide should be absorbed readily within 2-8 hours, when reaction is complete, as indicated by a drop in gauge presure, due to the absorption of the ethylene oxide; a second portion of the reactant, for instance, another mole of ethylene oxide, is added and reacted in the same manner. The 1 same procedure is employed so as to introduce the third mole of ethylene oxide. Three moles of ethylene oxide per mole of 'aminodioxane should be introduced without dim'culty in not over 24 hours, and in many instances can be introduced in one-third such time. Speed of recompositions of matter.

action is dependent, in part, on effectiveness of stirring or agitation, insofar that the reaction may take place largely at interracial surrlaces.

OXYALKYLATED -AMINO-1,3-DIOXANE Example 2 The seven other aminodioxanes specifically mentioned as reactants in "Amide, Examples 2-8, inclusive, are substituted for 2-propyl-5-hydroxymethyl-c-amino-1,3-dioxane in "Oxyalkylated 5-amino-L3-dioxane, Example 1, preceding.

Oxrarxym'rsn 5-AMINO-L3-DIOXANE Eaampie 3 The same procedure is followed as in Examples 1 and 2, immediately preceding, except that 8 moles of ethylene oxide are introduced per mole of aminodioxane instead of d moles.

@XYALKYLATED 5-Amn0 L3-Dcox1nm Example The same procedure is followed as in Examples 1 and 2, immediately preceding, except that 19 moles of ethylene omfde are introduced per mole of aminodioxane instead of ii moles,

OXYALKYLATED E-Arnno-Lii-Droxanr: Example 5 The same procedure is employed as in mamples 1 to 4, immediately preceding, except that propylene oxide is substituted for ethylene oxide. Propylene oxide is less reactive than ethylene oxide, and it may be necessary to use a somewhat higher temperature of reaction and .a somewhat longer period'of reaction. Such increases in temperature and time of reaction, as compared with ethylene oxide, are only moderate. Even greater amounts of the alkylene oxide,

. divisions are preserved in the subsequent subjectmatter for convenience.

OXYALKYLATED Amos Example 1 1 pound mole of the amide derived from the selected aminodioxane, as described in Amide, Example 1, preceding, is treated with an oxyalkylating agent in the same manner as employed 60 hexylamine, benzylamine, aniline, and various al-v for the oxyalkylation of amides derived from various primary amines, such as the amides of cyclokylamines having 6-10' carbon atoms, such as octylamine. The oxyalkylation of high mclal amides is well known and requires no elaboration. In general, the procedure which I prefer to employ. is substantially that described in the oxyalkylation .of the unamidifled aminodioxanes in the preceding examples, except that the temperature of oxyalkylation in the initial stages must be sufficientto insure that the amide is a liquid, and particularly so when derived from high molal saturated acids such as stearic acid. From 6 to 12 moles of the allrylene oxide are used per mole of amide, as a minimum, and as many as 20 moles as a maximum. If a hydroxylated amide, derived from a hydroxylated amine is used, or in other instances, one may use 12 to 18 moles of the alkylene oxide per mole .of amine. Even higher ratios may be employed, if desired.

The introduction of the oxyalkylene radical almost invariably yields a. more fluid product, i. e., a producthaving a lower melting point. Thus, the temperatur of reaction employed in oxyalkylation can be reduced after the initial reaction has taken place, i. e., after partial oxyalkylation.

There is no objection to employing an inert solvent during the early stages of oxyalkylation, although such solvent may cease to be a solvent after partial oxyallqllation takes place, and thus, would have to be removed as a matter of convenience, during the later stages of oxyalkylation. Such solvent, however, would serve its purpose, because when removed, the partially oxyalkylated mass should be substantially fluid. This is readily understandable by reference to an analogy where a solid such as lecithin is dissolved in xylene and subjected to oxyethylation. As oxyethylation proceeds, the product usually becomes iq/lene-insolu-ble. Under such circumstances, it is generally better to remove the xylene before proceeding with the further oxyethylation of the fluid derivative. Oxyalkylation of thle .aminodioxane can !be conducted, asa rule, without a catalyst, if desired. It is preferable, however, to have a catalyst present in the oxyalkylation of an amide. One-half of one percent of sodium methylate or other alkali will serve. The oxyalkylation of an amide may take considerabl longer and may take definitely high temperatures of reaction. As far as practical, it is better to employ the same temperature and pressures as described in connection with the oxyalkylation of the aminodioxanes, as previously described, except that the time of reaction may be doubled or tripled. If, however, the reaction does not go rapidly enough, under such circumstances, then increased temperatures short of a pyrolytic point may be used, but the preference, particularly when employing ethylene oxide, should not exceed 250-300 pounds. It is again pointed out that this entire procedure is the one that is used in the conventional oxalkylation of amides, and may "be varied to conform to such procedure.

OXYALKYLATED Amm:

Exampl '2 The same procedure is employed as in the oxy alkylation of aminodioxane, except that as-much as 18 to 24 moles of the alkylene oxide may be introduced per mole of amide.

OxYALmArzn Amos Example 3 Instead of employing an amide of the kind exempliiied b Amide, Example 1, there is used instead amides exemplified by Examples 2 to 10, inclusive.

Es'rrn Example 1 1 pound mole of the oxyethylated aminodioxane described under Oxyalkylated aminodioxane, Example 1, preceding, is esterified with 1 pound mole of ricinoleic acid or ethyl ricinoleate in the conventional manner. The procedure employed is the same as that employed for the ester!- flcation of triethanolamine, or particularly, triethanolamine, which has first been treated with several moles, for instance, 3-9 moles of ethylene omde. Since the reaction is conducted in the absence of catalysts which usually are employed in esterification, such as benzene sulionic acid,

of a dried inert gas such as nitrogen through the reaction mass while subjected to constant agitation. The reaction is generally complete in- 3-5 hours as a minimum period of time, and may take 12-18 hours in some instances.

Es'rsa Example 2 Other oxyalkylated aminodioxanes, as described under the headings Oxyalkylated aminodioxanes, Examples 2 to 5'? are substituted for the particular oxyalkylated aminodioxane describe in the preceding example.

Esrsa Amons Example 1 1 pound mole of the oxyethyiated amide obtained by oxyethylation of 1 pound moie'of the amide derived by reaction between 1 pound mole of 5-amino-2-(3-amyl) -5-hydroxymethyl-l,3 dioxane and 1 pound mole of ricinoieic acid, followed by reaction with 6 pound moles of ethylene oxide, is reacted with 1 pound moie of oleyl chloride.

Esrsa Amps Example 2 The same procedure is followed, except that lauryl chloride is substituted for oleyl chloride in Example 1, immediately preceding.

N Esraa AMIDE Example 3 Ricinoleyl chloride is substituted for oleyl chloride.

Esrsa 2 Example 4 The same procedure is followed as in the three examples immediately preceding, except that i-amino-2-hexyl-5-hydroxymethyl 1,3 diosane .nd 5 amino 2 (3 heptyl) -5-hydroxymethyl- .,3-dioxane are substituted for 5-amino-2- ('3- imyl) -5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane.

The production of esters of higher fatty acids ly the use of the acyl chloride as a reactant is veil known and requires no description. The ame procedure is followed, as for example, in the eaction between glycerol and oleyl. chloride. If lesired, esteriflcation in the preceding examples may be conducted by means ofthe acids instead 1 the acyl chlorides. and may also be conducted 1 the presence of a conventional esterification ataiyst, such as sulfuric acid, benzene suifonic old, or any hydrochloric acid gas. Oxyalkylated mides of the kind described seem to esterify a ttle less readily than the usual alcohols. Howver, any conventional procedure can be emloyed, and particularly one may employ the. use i an inert solvent, such as xylene, in the manner reviously mentioned in regard to amidification.

he temperature of esterification is not deterlined by the presence of inert solvent. such as Mauersberger.

2, 1941, toJones. Incidentally, it is obvious that certain varien may be employed, without detracting from the general nature of the compounds herein described.

For instance, the selected 'aminodioxane might be treated with a low moial car-boxy acid having a less than seven .carbon atoms, such as acetic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, etc. The amide of the low molal acids so obtained could be subjected to oxyaikylation, and then subsequent to esterification, with-a high molal carboxy acid in the manner described. Similarly, the amingdioxane, and especially the examples in which there is no hydromethyl group, could 'be subjected to the action of any conventional alkyiating agent, such as an alkyl halide, benzyl chloride, methyl sulfate, or the like, so as to produce a secondary amine. Such secondary amine could be subjected to oxyalkylation in the manner, as previously described, and subsequently esterified with a high molal acid. Similarly, an amide derived from aminodioxane having a .hydroxymethyl group might be subjected to treatment in the manner described in U. S. Patent No. 2,151,788, dated March 28, 1939, to

In certain of the types of compounds previously described, there is no. acyl radical directly attached to the amino nitrogen atom. Such products show basicity comparable to triethanolamine or esterified triethanoiamine, or the esters of oxyethylated t'riethanolamine. Where such basicity' exists, obviously the product can be used in the form of a salt, as well as in the form of the free base, or hydrate, i. e., combination with ,water. Salts of lactic acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, etc., are particularly valuable for various purposes hereinafter indicated.

Purely by way of illustration, although the previous descriptive matter has clearly indicated the nature or the reactants and compounds, the 101- loring formulas are included. All the various radicals indicated by R, R and R have their previous significance. The ethylene radical may be replaced by propylene, hydroxypropylene, butylene, .etc.

moors. o 1

cmao-o n Oxyethyiatedsmide 'n' oHum-o- 11 i 1937, to Frazier, and 2,264,759, dated December 

